RMB Internationalisation: Yuan Now Used in 5.8% of Global Trade Settlements
The yuan reached 5.8% of global trade settlement value in 2025, propelled by 40+ central bank swap agreements, CIPS infrastructure, and growing RMB commodity pricing.
- Current RMB internationalisation metrics
- Bilateral swap agreements and CIPS expansion
- Commodity trade denomination
- Implications for global businesses
Current RMB internationalisation metrics#
The yuan accounted for approximately 5.8% of global trade settlement in 2025, up from 2.3% in 2020, making it the fourth most-used currency in trade finance. SWIFT data shows 35% annual growth, though this likely undercounts CIPS-processed transactions. Reserve currency share reached 2.8% versus the dollar at 58%. The gap between trade and reserve use reflects ongoing capital account restrictions.
Bilateral swap agreements and CIPS expansion#
The PBOC has swap agreements with over 40 central banks providing RMB liquidity for trade settlement. CIPS processes roughly $12 trillion annually through over 1,400 institutions across 100+ countries. It provides an alternative to SWIFT reducing dependency on Western financial infrastructure. Network effects are self-reinforcing as each participant makes RMB settlement more convenient.
Commodity trade denomination#
The Shanghai INE yuan crude futures contract averages $8 billion daily trading volume. Iron ore, copper, and natural gas RMB contracts are gaining traction with resource exporters seeking dollar alternatives. Russia shift to RMB following sanctions accelerated adoption. The trend is most advanced with partners facing or fearing Western financial sanctions.
Data-backed guides on AI, eCommerce, and SME strategy — straight to your inbox.
Implications for global businesses#
Companies should evaluate cost savings from RMB invoicing which reduces conversion costs and hedging expenses. Chinese suppliers offer preferential pricing for yuan contracts. Banking relationships with Chinese institutions and CIPS access are becoming important capabilities. The trajectory suggests continued growth though full internationalisation remains constrained by capital account restrictions.
People also ask
What percentage of global trade uses yuan?
Approximately 5.8% of global trade settlement value in 2025, the fourth most-used currency, with volumes growing 35% annually.
What is CIPS?
China alternative to SWIFT for RMB cross-border transactions, handling $12 trillion annually through 1,400+ institutions in 100+ countries.
Can businesses invoice in yuan?
Yes, RMB invoicing is increasingly common with Chinese suppliers often offering preferential pricing, and banks in most trading nations offering settlement services.
12 metrics every SME owner should review monthly — download in 10 seconds.
Our team combines expertise in data analytics, SME strategy, and AI tools to produce practical guides that help founders and operators make better business decisions.
Turn trade intelligence into action
Upload your import/export data and let AskBiz analyse your China trade exposure, margins, and opportunities.
Start free — no credit card required →